Conductivity-Dependent Neuronal Specification

In article number 2400586, Hae-Won Kim, Jung-Hwan Lee, and co-workers show that neural-tissue-like, low conductivity (0.02–0.1 S m–1) promotes neuronal differentiation via balanced calcium signaling and epigenetic changes, while supraphysiological, high conductivity (3.2 S m–1) causes apoptosis. This work reveals optimal conductivity's crucial role in neural interface design for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.